Our chemical environment

Article number 10124875

About the editors: Dr. J. Calvin Giddings, Professor of Chemistry, University of Utah at Salt Lake City, is well known for his research, particularly in the field of Chromatography. He is the author of numerous articles in various scientific journals and has been a visiting lecturer at colleges and universities across the country. He has received several awards and distinctions, including the 1967 American Chemical Society Award in Chromatography and Electrophoresis. Dr. Giddings is the author for Canfield Press of an introductory chemistry textbook for nonmajors which also has an environmental orientation. This work is planned for publication in spring 1973. Dr. Manus B. Monroe completed his doctorate at the University of Utah in the summer of 1971 and is presently on the staff of the University as a Faculty Intern. cover design by deborah bragman/cover photo by larry keenan, jr., photofind This book is printed on recycled paper. Photo credits for section openings: i Ed Cooper, Photofind ii U.S. Bureau of Mines iii Richard F. Conrat, Photofind iv Larry Keenan, Jr., Photofind v G. Gscheidle, Photofind vi Roger Lubin, Photofind vii Larry Keenan, Jr., Photofind viii Richard F. Conrat, Photofind ix Ted Mahieu, Photofind x Wide World Photos Copyright © 1972 by J. Calvin Giddings and Manus B. Monroe Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., 49 East 33rd Street, New York, N.Y. 10016. International Standard Book Number: 0-06-382791-3 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 70-186645 contents PREFACE xi I. Environment, Man, and the Future 3 1. Scientists Forecast Changes Due by 2000, Staff of Chemical & Engineering News 5 2. An End to All This, Richard M. Koff 9 3. What We Must Do, John Platt 18 4. The Actions of Poisons, Ryan Huxtable 32 II. Air Pollution 43 5. Air Pollution, Dermot A. O'Sullivan 45 6. Is Man Changing the Earth's Climate? Staff of Chemical & Engineering News 58 7. Carbon Monoxide, Philip C. Wolf 61 8. Los Angeles: The Uphill Fight Against Photochemical Smog, Staff of Environmental Science & Technology 64 9. Invisible Particles in Air, Staff of Chemistry 68 10. SO2 Pollution: The Next 30 Years, F. A. Rohrman, B. J. Steigerwald, and J. H. Ludwig 69 11. Citizen Role in Implementation of Clean Air Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 74 III. The Abuse of Water 81 12. The Aswan Disaster, Claire Sterling 84 13. Ocean Dumping Poses Growing Problem, Staff of Chemical & Engineering News 91 14. Oil Pollution, Eugene Coan 96 15. Waste-Water Treatment: The Tide Is Turning, Robert W. Holcomb 103 16. Eutrophication: The Case Against Phosphorus, Committee on Government Operations 110 17. Phosphate Replacements: Problems With the Washday Miracle, Allen L. Hammond 113 18. Soap: Some Companies' Answer to Phosphate-Containing Detergents, Staff of Chemical & Engineering News 120 IV. Environmental Contamination by Metals 125 19. Trace Metals: Unknown, Unseen Pollution Threat, Staff of Chemical & Engineering News 128 20. Lead, the Inexcusable Pollutant, Paul P. Craig 134 21. Lead Pollution—A Growing Hazard to Public Health, D. Bryce-Smith 140 22. Methyl Mercury, Philip M. Abelson 146 23. Mercury: Anatomy of a Pollution Problem, Lloyd Dunlap 148 24. Metals Focus Shifts to Cadmium, Staff of Environmental Science & Technology 104 V. Pesticides Everywhere 163 25. Chemical Control of Pests, Louis Lykken 165 26. The DDT Story, Eugenia Keller 173 27. Pesticides Cutting Into Seafood Resources, Robert C. Cowen 180 28. Pollution by Organic Chemicals, Philip H. Abelson 183 29. Biological Effects of Pesticides in the Environment, Irma West 185 30. Choices Are in the Offing, Carol Knapp 197 VI. Food Additives 205 31. Use of Chemicals in Food Stirs Controversy, Jonathan Spivak 207 32. Food Additive Makers Face Intensified Attack, Howard J. Sanders 212 33. Even Some Chemicals That Occur Naturally in Foods Can Be Harmful, Staff of Chemical & Engineering News 224 VII. Solid Wastes 227 34. Solid Waste: Resources Out of Place, Charles B. Kenahan 229 35. Process Converts Animal Wastes to Oil, Staff of Chemical & Engineering News 238 36. Plastics Face Growing Pressure From Ecologists, Staff of Chemical & Engineering News 240 VIII. Population and Environmental Impact 243 37. Nobody Ever Dies of Overpopulation, Garrett Hardin 245 38. Man and His Environment, Ansley J. Coale 247 39. Impact of Population Growth, Paul Ehrlich and John Holdren 257 40. The Tragedy of the Commons, Garrett Hardin 269 IX. Energy—The Basic Resource 283 41. Continuing Increase in Use of Energy, Philip H. Abelson 286 42. Are We Running Out of Fuel? Irving Bengelsdorf 288 43. Defusing Old Smoky by Plugging Into Nature, John Holdren 295 44. Fuels Management in an Environmental Age, G. Alex Mills, Harry R. Johnson, and Harry Perry 300 45. Electrical Heating and Thermal Pollution, F. T. Wall 317 46. The Electrical Power Industry: Its Prospects for Growth, Daniel B. Luten 320 47. The Power Crisis That Threatens the World, Isaac Asimov 328 X. Our Nuclear Future 335 48. Nuclear Power—An Environmental Asset, Glenn T. Seaborg 338 49. Plutonium and the Energy Decision, Donald P. Geesaman 340 50. Issues in the Radiation Controversy, Arthur R. Tamplin 346 51. The Radioactive Risks of Nuclear Pollution, Jerold Lowenstein 352 52. Nuclear Weapons: Past and Present, Ralph E. Lapp 356 53. Nuclear Tyranny and the Divine Right of Kings, Gale Edward Christianson 363

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