Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry 16

Article number 10123758

CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 16 v PREFACE vii HAROLD HIBBERT 1 Radiation Chemistry of Carbohydrates GLYN O. PHILLIPS I. Introduction 13 II. Primary and Secondary Effects of Radiation 14 III. The Effect of Radiation on Compounds Related to Carbohydrates 22 IV. The Effect of Radiation on Carbohydrates 32 Applications of Trifluoroacetic Anhydride in Carbohydrate Chemistry T. G. BONNER I. Introduction 59 II. Trifluoroacetylation with Trifluoroacetic Anhydride 60 III. The Trifluoroacetyl Group as a Blocking Group 63 IV. Acylation with Carboxylic Acid-Trifluoroacetic Anhydride Mixtures 67 V. Selective Ring-opening of Acetone and Acyloxylic Acid-Trifluoroacetic Anhydride Mixtures 69 VI. The Synthesis of Linear Polymeric Esters from Cyclic Trimethylene Acetals and Dibasic Carboxylic Acids 77 VII. The Mechanism of Acylation by Acyl Trifluoroacetates 79 Glycosyl Fluorides and Azides FRITZ MICHEEL AND ALMUTH KLEMER I. Introduction 85 II. Preparation of the Glycosyl Fluorides 86 III. Reactions of the Glycosyl Fluorides 88 IV. The α-Fluoro Carbohydrates 95 V. The Aldosyl Azides 95 VI. Tables of Properties of Glycosyl Fluoride Derivatives 97 ix The "Dialdehydes" From the Periodate Oxidation of Carbohydrates R. D. GUTHRIE I. Introduction 105 II. Nomenclature 106 III. General Properties of the Oxidation Products 108 IV. Oxidation Products from Monosaccharide Derivatives and Related Compounds 134 V. Oxidation Products from Di-, Tri-, and Oligo-saccharides 137 VI. Oxidation Products from Polysaccharides 153 VII. Alkaline Degradation of Periodate-oxidized Carbohydrates 157 VIII. Uses of Periodate-oxidized Carbohydrates 159 Lactose JOHN R. CLAMP, L. HOUGH, JOHN L. HICKSON, AND ROY L. WHISTLER I. Introduction 159 II. The Structure of Lactose 160 III. Occurrence and Biochemistry 165 IV. Chemical Properties of Lactose 181 V. Some Physical Properties of Lactose 201 Glycolipids of Acid-Fast Bacteria EDGAR LEDERER I. Introduction 207 II. Chemistry of Glycolipids of Acid-fast Bacteria 209 III. Biological Activities of Glycolipids of Acid-fast Bacteria 290 Galactosidases KURT WALLENFELS AND OM PRAKASH MALHOTRA I. Introduction 239 II. β-Galactosidases 240 III. α-Galactosidases 290 The Fractionation of Starch J. MUETGEERT I. Introduction 299 II. Fractionation by Complexing Agents 309 III. Fractionation by Leaching Techniques 306 IV. Fractionation by Fractional Precipitation 309 V. Industrial Methods of Fractionation 325 VI. General Conclusions 332 Carbohydrates in the Soil N. C. MEHTA, P. DUBACH AND H. DEUEL I. Introduction 335 II. Isolation and Characterization 337 III. Quantitative Determination 344 IV. Source and Transformations 348 V. State and Function 352 VI. Summary 354 365 AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUME 16 378 SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME 16 390 CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-16 402 CUMULATIVE SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUMES 1-16 410 ERRATA