CONTENTS VOLUME I: FOREWORD INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I. CHEMISTRY—GENERAL INORGANIC Matter and Energy—Varieties of Matter—Gases—The Kinetic-Molecular Hypothesis—Laws of Chemical Combinations—Atomic Hypothesis—Symbols, Formulas, and Equations—Periodic Table—Water and Its Constituent Elements—Solutions—Acids, Bases, and Salts—Ionization—Chemical Equilibrium—Energy and Chemical Change—Elements of Commercial Importance. CHAPTER II. CHEMISTRY—GENERAL ORGANIC CHAPTER III. APPLICATIONS OF CHEMISTRY Ceramics—Ferrous Metallurgy—Petroleum and Natural Gas. CHAPTER IV. PHYSICS—GENERAL The Properties of Solids—The Properties of Fluids—Heat. CHAPTER V. PHYSICS—ELECTRICITY Units, Symbols, Measuring Instruments—Electric Circuits—Electrical Power Calculations. CHAPTER VI. PYROMETRY Thermometers—Thermoelectric Pyrometer—Optical and Radiation Pyrometers. CHAPTER VII. METALLURGICAL FUELS AND THEIR COMBUSTION Classification—Coal—Petroleum and Natural Gas—Combustion—Combustion Calculations—Producer Gas Manufacture—Coke Manufacture. CHAPTER VIII. REFRACTORIES—FLUXES—SLAGS Physical and Chemical Requirements—Classification—Testing. CHAPTER IX. MANUFACTURE OF PIG IRON Ores of Iron—Transportation—Blast Furnace—Operation of Furnace—Grades of Iron Produced—Charge Calculations—Practical Burden Calculation. CHAPTER X. IRON FOUNDING Cupola Furnace—Molding and Pouring Practice—Types of Castings—Constitution and Properties of Cast Iron. CHAPTER XI. MALLEABLE CAST IRON White Iron Production—The Air Furnace—Other Melting Methods—Composition of the Iron—The Malleabilizing Treatment—Properties and Uses—Short Cycle Malleable. CHAPTER XII. WROUGHT IRON Historical Development—The Puddling Process—Treatment of Puddle Ball—The Byers Process—Structure and Properties. CHAPTER XIII. THE CEMENTATION AND CRUCIBLE STEEL PROCESSES INDEX. CONTENTS VOLOME II: FOREWORD INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I. THE STEELMAKING PROCESS Introduction—Definition of Steel—Principles of Purification of Pig Iron. CHAPTER II. THE BESSEMER PROCESSES The Acid Bessemer Process—Bessemer Products and Properties—Bessemer Converter—The Bessemer Iron—Bessemer Process—Deoxidation and Recarburization—Teeming—Chemistry of the Process—The Basic Bessemer Process—Operation of the Process—Status of the Process. CHAPTER III. THE BASIC OPEN-HEARTH PROCESS The Open-hearth Plant—The Stationary Open-hearth Furnace—Operation of the Furnace—Maintenance of the Furnace—The Tilting Open-hearth Furnace—The Basic Open-hearth Charge—Chemical Reactions in the Bath—Charging Procedure—Melting Down—Hot-metal Additions—Slag Formation—The Flush and Ore Boil—The Lime Boil—Working the Heat—Full-killed Steels—Tapping the Heat—Semiskilled Steels—Rimmed Steels—Tapping Operations—Deoxidizers and Alloys—Ferroalloys—Typical Calculations of an Open-hearth Heat—Open-hearth Slags—Fluxes—Slag Control—Slag Tests—Typical Alloy Practice—Teeming the Heat—Status of the Basic Open-hearth Process. CHAPTER IV. THE ACID OPEN-HEARTH PROCESS The Furnace—The Acid Open-hearth Charge—Operation of the Furnace—Chemistry of the Acid Open-hearth Process—Status of the Process. CHAPTER V. THE ELECTRIC FURNACE PROCESS The Heroult Electric Arc Furnace—The Acid Electric Process—The Basic Electric Process—Normal Alloy Steel Practice—Tapping and Pouring. CHAPTER VI. THE SPECIAL STEELMAKING PROCESS The Duplex Process—The Superrefining Process—The Triplex Process—The Talbot Process—The Duplex Talbot Process—The Monell Process—The Campell Process—An Example of Special Practice—Special Ferrous Products—American Ingot Iron—Electrolytic Iron. CHAPTER VII. THE STEEL INGOT The Solidification of Steel in Ingot Molds—Solidification of Steel in a Big-end-down Ingot Mold—Solidification in a Big-end-up Mold—The Hot Top—Characteristic Ingot Types—Killed Steel—Semideoxidized Steel—Rimmed Steel—Ingot Defects—Pipe—Blowholes—Inclusions—Ingotism—Segregation—Killed Steel—Rimmed Steel—Surface Defects—Ingot and Ingot Molds—Preparation of the Ingot for Rolling—Heating Defects. CHAPTER VIII. THE FABRICATION OF STEEL Principles of Fabrication—Hot Work—Cold Work—Comparison of Hot and Cold Work. CHAPTER IX. GENERAL METHODS OF FABRICATION Methods of Hot Shaping—Hammer Forging—Press Forging—Rolling—Rolls—Methods of Cold Working—Cold Pressing—Cold-drawing—Cold Rolling—Miscellaneous Operations. CHAPTER X. GENERAL FACTORS AFFECTING ROLLING OPERATIONS CHAPTER XI. ROLLING MILL PRACTICE Blooming Mill—Comparison of Reversing and Three-high Bloom Mills—Billet Mills—Slabbing Mills—Plate Mills—The Manufacture of Plates—The Rolling of Duplex Plate—The Rolling of Rails and Structural Shapes—Merchant Mill Practice—Pickling of Iron and Steel—Pickle Defects—Rolling Defects—Shearing Defects. CHAPTER XII. THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL STRIPS, SHEET, AND COATED PRODUCTS Steel—Gauge—Sheet Steel Production—Continuous Hot Rolling of Narrow Strip—Continuous Hot Rolling of Wide Strip—Pickling—Cold Rolling—Cold-rolling Mills—Annealing and Normalizing—Cold Rolling (Finish)—Flattening or Leveling—Protective Coatings—Inspection—Production of Stainless Steel Strip and Sheets—Boxing, Assorting, Reckoning, Weighing—Terneplate—General Application of Sheet Steel Products. CHAPTER XIII. THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL WIRE Rolling the Wire Rod—Processing Preparatory to Drawing—Wiredrawing Equipment—Wiredrawing Operations—Heat-treatment of Wire—Finishing Operations—Cold-forming Processes for Rods—Defects—Uses. CHAPTER XIV. GENERAL WELDING METHODS Forge Welding—Resistance Welding—Thermit Pressure Welding—Thermit Fusion Welding—Gas Welding—Arc Welding—Gas Cutting. CHAPTER XV. THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBULAR PRODUCTS Processes—Steel—Coatings and Linings—Rolling the Skelp—Butt-welding Process—Lap-welding Process—Hammer Welding or Forge Welding Process—Electric Welding Process—Seamless Process—Shop Fabricating—Classification of Tubular Products by Grades and Uses—Oil Country Tubular Goods. CHAPTER XVI. FORGING PRACTICE Press Forgings—Hammer Forgings—Drop Forgings. CHAPTER XVII. THE STEEL FOUNDRY The Bessemer Process—The Open-hearth Processes—The Electric Furnace Processes—Induction Melting—Molding and Pouring Practice. CHAPTER XVIII. SPECIFICATIONS SUGGESTED READING INDEX. CONTENTS VOLUME III: Table of Contents Summary Introduction Foreword Introduction I. Introduction Basic introduction to the subject. II. Microscopy Sampling Polishing Electrolytic Polishing Microetching Electrolytic Etching Macroetching Photographic Technique The Metallurgical Microscope III. The X Ray The Gamma Ray Magnetic Testing IV. The Physical Testing of Metals Tensile Test Static Tests Hardness Test Wear Test Notched-bar Impact Test Fatigue Test Corrosion Creep Test V. Constitution of Metallic Alloys Elementary Binary Diagrams Experimental Procedure VI. The Iron-Carbon Diagram Constitution Diagram The Critical Range S.A.E. Steel Specifications and Critical Ranges VII. The Metallography of Steel Castings and Cast Iron Solidification of Iron-Carbon Alloys Structural Constitution Physical Properties of Constituents VIII. The Mechanical Treatment of Steel Cast Steel Solidification Recrystallization Phase Precipitation Mechanical Work Hot Work Cold Work Hot-rolled vs. Cold-drawn Physical Properties IX. The Heat-Treatment of Plain Carbon Steels Annealing Normalizing Spheroidizing Machinability Patent Annealing Annealing Following Cold Work Stress-relief Annealing X. Heat-Treatment of Plain Carbon Steels Pearlite or Eutectic Type Reaction Acicular or Solid Solution Type Reaction The Nature of Martensite Typical Structures XI. The Heat-Treatment of Plain Carbon Steels Quenching Diagrams Tempering Conventional Heat Treating of Steel Austempering Process for Heat-treatment of Steel Physical Properties Quench and Temper vs. Austempering Martempering Hardenability Jominy, G.M.C., or End-quench Test XII. The Heat-Treatment of Plain Carbon Steels Heating Heat Flow Maximum Temperature Measurement and Control of Temperature Heating Rate Holding at Heat Cooling Design Quenching Practice Factors in the Selection of a Quenching Medium Hardening Practice General Characteristics of Quenching Media Tempering Practice Heat-treating Furnaces Batch-type Furnaces Continuous-type Furnaces Liquid Heating Baths Lead Baths Salt Baths Atmospheres at Heat-treating Temperatures Oxidation Reaction Equilibrium Curves Atmospheric Conditions Furnace Atmospheres XIII. Precipitation Hardening Mechanism of Precipitation Hardening or Aging Aging in Steel Hardness of Decomposition Products Aging of Low Carbon Steels Quench Aging Strain Aging Other Evidences of Strain Aging Blue Brittleness XIV. Grain Size in Steel Methods of Estimating Grain Size Grain-size Classification of Steels Grain-size Control Formation and Growth of Austenite Grains Influence of Austenitic Grain Size on the Properties of Steels Hardenability XV. The Heat-Treatment of Steel Castings Classification Heat-treatment Oil and Water Quenching Tempering or Drawing XVI. Casehardening of Steels Carburizing Cyaniding Nitriding XVII. Alloy Steels Special Elements Influence of Special Elements upon the Equilibrium Diagram Effect of Elements That Raise the Critical Range Influence of Alloying Elements Reaction Rate Depth of Hardening Grain Size Stabilization on Tempering The Function of Alloying Elements Summary of the Effects of Alloying Elements XVIII. Individual Effects of Alloying Elements Iron-nickel Alloys Iron-chromium Alloys Iron-chromium-nickel Alloys Iron-manganese Alloys Iron-vanadium Alloys XIX. S.A.E. Alloy Steels Carburizing Grades Water- and Oil-hardening Steels XX. Factors Affecting the Selection of Steels Hardenability Machinability The National Emergency Steels XXI. Special Alloys Steels Corrosion- and Heat-resisting Steels Wear-resisting Steels Tool Steels XXII. Cast Irons and Their Treatment Classification Influence of Normal Elements Influence of Alloying Elements Structure of Cast Irons with Respect to Graphitization Physical Properties of Structural Constituents Properties of Cast Iron Heat-treatment Malleable Cast Iron Index

Teichert Ernest J.

Introduction to ferrous metallurgy: Ferrous metallurgy / The manufacture and fabrication of steel / Metallography and heat treatment of steel