Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry 12

Numéro d'article 10123754

CONTENTS Contributors to Volume 12 v Preface vii Phoebus Aaron Theodor Levene 1 Infrared Spectra of Carbohydrates BY W. BROCK NEELY, G. D. Searle and Company, Chicago, Illinois I. Introduction 13 II. Molecular Spectra 13 III. Infrared Spectra 14 IV. Interpretation of Infrared Spectra of Carbohydrates 15 V. Application of Infrared Spectroscopy to Carbohydrates 21 29 The Saccharinic Acids BY JOHN C. SOWDEN, Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri I. Introduction 36 II. The Individual Acids 36 III. Mechanism of Formation of Saccharinic Acids 38 IV. Table of Properties of Saccharinic Acid Derivatives 62 70 Zone Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates BY A. B. FOSTER, Chemistry Department, The University of Birmingham, England I. Introduction 81 II. Technique of Zone Electrophoresis 81 III. Zone Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates in the Presence of Borate 83 IV. Zone Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates in the Presence of Complexing Agents Other than Borate 86 V. Determination of Molecular Size of Carbohydrates by Zone Electrophoresis 106 VI. Zone Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates on Glass Paper 107 VII. Zone Electrophoresis of Polysaccharides 109 VIII. Separations of Carbohydrates on Ion-exchange Resins 110 114 Sugar Nitrates BY JOHN HONEYMAN AND J. W. W. MORGAN, Chemistry Department, King's College, University of London, England I. Introduction 117 ix II. Preparation 118 III. Physical Properties 122 IV. Analysis 124 V. Reactions 134 VI. Uses 134 Benzyl Ethers of Sugars BY CHESTER M. MCCLOSKEY, California Institute of Technology and Office of Naval Research, Pasadena, California I. Introduction 137 II. Preparation 142 III. Hydrogenolysis 148 IV. Chemical Properties 150 V. Physical Properties 153 Methyl and Phenyl Glycosides of the Common Sugars BY J. CONCHIE, G. A. LEVVY AND C. A. MARSH, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeenshire, Scotland I. Introduction 158 II. Preparation of Sugar Derivatives Employed in Glycoside Synthesis 158 III. Condensations of Alcohols and Phenols with Sugar Derivatives 163 IV. Deacetylation of Glycoside Acetates 171 V. Special Methods of Glycoside Synthesis 174 VI. Description of Tables 178 The Schardinger Dextrins BY DEXTER FRENCH, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa I. Introduction 190 II. Historical Review 192 III. Fractionation and Purification of the Schardinger Dextrins 211 IV. Bacillus macerans Amylase 219 V. Other Biochemical Properties of the Schardinger Dextrins 221 VI. Molecular Size of the Schardinger Dextrins 234 VII. Molecular Constitution 243 VIII. Complex Formation and Inclusion Compounds 245 IX. Ring Conformation in the Schardinger Dextrins 247 X. Derivatives of the Schardinger Dextrins 252 XI. Significance of the Schardinger Dextrins with Respect to the Constitution and Behavior of Starch 254 257 The Molecular Structure of Glycogens BY D. J. MANNERS, Department of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland I. Introduction 262 II. Physicochemical Properties 274 III. Structural Analysis by Chemical Methods 280 IV. Structural Analysis by Enzymic Methods 284 V. Molecular Structure of Glycogens 289 VI. Biological Synthesis 296 VII. Summary and Conclusions 298 The Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic Acid BY ROY L. WHISTLER AND E. L. OLSON, Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana I. Introduction 299 II. Metabolism of D-Glucuronic Acid 304 III. Metabolism of D-Glucosamine 308 IV. Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic Acid 315 Author Index for Volume 12 321 Subject Index for Volume 12 337 Cumulative Author Index for Volumes 1-11 357 Cumulative Subject Index for Volumes 1-11 361 Errata 367